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Malware stands for “malicious software,” and like it’s name, it poses a big threat both to your computer’s OS as well as the data stored inside.

Malware is typically disguised as harmless files, software, and links. When downloaded and opened, they wreak havoc on the system by slowing performance, corrupting data, and even holding sensitive information hostage until a payout is received.

There are many sub-categories of malware including viruses, trojans, spyware, and ransomware—but what they all have in common is that they were designed specifically to access and cause damage to your PC without your knowledge.

What are the different types of malware?

Malware is a general term that comes in many forms. You may have heard of many of them: viruses, Trojans, and ransomware. Here’s a quick breakdown of each one and what specific threats they pose:

• Virus: Viruses are covertly attached to downloadable files and are designed to intrude on your PC when the file is opened. Opening a file with a virus can cause operational problems and delete or corrupt your files.
• Trojan: Unlike viruses, which are attached to files, trojan viruses are attached to software programs disguised as being useful and beneficial. Downloading a trojan virus can corrupt your data and affect the performance of your system.
• Ransomware: A more serious form of malware than a virus, ransomware encrypts your data and essentially “holds it hostage.” The user is prevented access to their data until they pay the attacker.
• Spyware: As its name implies, spyware is a type of malware that actively spies on the user from inside the computer. Once inside, spyware reports back to the attacker with information that can include your passwords and credit card numbers.

How do I protect myself against malware?

There are a number of preventative and actionable ways to protect your computer against malware. These range from common-sense practices to preventative malware protection.

• Don’t download suspicious files or attachments
• Use an adblocker
• Be careful of clicking through websites that look suspicious or unprofessional
• Invest in antivirus software from a reputable company such as Norton or McAfee